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Bootstrap 4 Grid System
Bootstrap's grid system allows up to 12 columns across the page, you can create the page layout on the basics of these 12 columns. Bootstrap's grid system is responsive, and the columns will re-arrange automatically depending on the screen size. The Grid classes can be combined to create more dynamic and flexible layouts.
Responsive Breakpoint
Since Bootstrap is developed to be mobile first, we use media queries to create sensible breakpoints for our layouts and interfaces. These breakpoints are mostly based on minimum viewport widths and allow us to scale up elements as the viewport changes.
Bootstrap uses the following media query or breakpoints for layout, grid system, and components
No media query for 'xs' since this is the default in Bootstrap
// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)
@media (min-width: 576px) { ... }
// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)
@media (min-width: 768px) { ... }
// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)
@media (min-width: 992px) { ... }
// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)
@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }
The Bootstrap grid system classes are:
.col-sm- (small devices - screen width equal to or greater than 576px)
.col-md- (medium devices - screen width equal to or greater than 768px)
.col-lg- (large devices - screen width equal to or greater than 992px)
.col-xl- (extra large devices - screen width equal to or greater than 1200px)
Example 1: Create three equal columns using bootstrap classes.
Following are the examples to create columns in Bootstrap 4.
Responsive Columns: Make 4 column of equal size, On mobile phones or screens that are less than 576px wide, the columns will automatically stack on top of each other.
<div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div> <div class="col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div> <div class="col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div> <div class="col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div> </div>
Two Unequal Responsive Columns
<div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div> <div class="col-sm-8">.col-sm-8</div> </div>
Three Unequal Responsive Columns
<div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div> <div class="col-sm-8">.col-sm-8</div> <div class="col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div> </div>
Auto-layout columns
Three Equal Columns on all devices
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">.col</div>
<div class="col">.col</div>
<div class="col">.col</div>
</div>
</div>
The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices Those columns are centered in the page with the parent .container.
Equal-width columns can be broken into multiple lines
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">Column</div>
<div class="col">Column</div>
<div class="w-100"></div>
<div class="col">Column</div>
<div class="col">Column</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="w-100 d-none d-md-block"></div>
Setting one column width
Example 2:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
1 of 3
</div>
<div class="col-6">
2 of 3 (wider)
</div>
<div class="col">
3 of 3
</div>
</div>
</div>
Example 3:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
1 of 3
</div>
<div class="col-5">
2 of 3 (wider)
</div>
<div class="col">
3 of 3
</div>
</div>
</div>
Variable width content
<div class="container">
<div class="row justify-content-md-center">
<div class="col col-lg-2">
1 of 3
</div>
<div class="col-md-auto">
Variable width content
</div>
<div class="col col-lg-2">
3 of 3
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
1 of 3
</div>
<div class="col-md-auto">
Variable width content
</div>
<div class="col col-lg-2">
3 of 3
</div>
</div>
</div>
Mix and match
<div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-8">.col-12 .col-md-8</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> </div> <!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and 33.3% wide on desktop --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> </div>
Alignment
<div class="container">
<div class="row align-items-start">
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row align-items-center">
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row align-items-end">
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col align-self-start">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col align-self-center">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col align-self-end">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
</div>
Horizontal alignment
<div class="container">
<div class="row justify-content-start">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-end">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-around">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-between">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
</div>
No gutters
Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on '.rows'
The gutters between columns in our predefined grid classes can be removed with '.no-gutters'. This removes the negative margins from .row and the horizontal padding from all immediate children columns.
<div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> </div>
Reordering Columns
Use .order- classes for controlling the visual order of your content. These classes are responsive, so you can set the order by breakpoint (e.g: .order-1, .order-md-2). Includes 1 through 12 across all five grid tiers.
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
First, but unordered
</div>
<div class="col order-12">
Second, but last
</div>
<div class="col order-1">
Third, but first
</div>
</div>
</div>
There are also responsive .order-first and .order-last classes that change the order of an element by applying order: -1 and order: 13 (order: $columns + 1), respectively.
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col order-last">
First, but last
</div>
<div class="col">
Second, but unordered
</div>
<div class="col order-first">
Third, but first
</div>
</div>
</div>
Offsetting columns
You can offset grid columns using .offset- grid classes
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4 offset-md-4">.col-md-4 .offset-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 offset-md-3">.col-md-6 .offset-md-3</div>
</div>