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Double-Dimensional Arrays or 2d-Arrays
Double-Dimensional Arrays or 2d-Arrays are the combination of rows and columns. Normally, a 2D-Array is use to represent data in the form of matrix.
Syntax to declare 2d-Arrays:
int a[3][3]; //3 rows and 3 columns
In the above syntax, 1st square bracket represents number of rows and 2nd square bracket represent number of columns. The above declaration tells the compiler that we are declaring 3 rows and 3 columns total 9 elements. We can specify any value in row and column.
Example 1: Input 3x3 matrix and print it.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, a[3][3];
clrscr();
printf("Enter 3x3 matrix");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Your 3x3 matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("\t%d",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Initialization of 2D Array
int a[3][3] = {{10,20,30}, {40,50,60}, {70,80,90} };
Example 2: WAP to initialize the matrix.
void main()
{
int a[3][3] = {{10,20,30}, {40,50,60}, {70,80,90} };
int i, j;
clrscr();
printf("\n3x3 Matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Exercise Question: 2D-Arrays
- Input 3x3 matrix and transpose it.
- Input 3x3 matrix and find Row-wise sum, column-wise sum and diagonals.
- Find sum of upper and lower triangular matrices.
- Find whether the input matrix is symmetric or not.
- Input two 3x3 matrix and print them.
- Input two 3x3 matrix and check matrices are equal or not.
- Input two 3x3 matrix and sum them.
- Input two 3x3 matrix and multiple them.
void main()
{
int a[3][3], i, j;
clrscr();
printf("Enter matrix");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Input Matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\nTranspose of a Matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[j][i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
void main()
{
int a[3][3], i, j, r1=0, r2=0, r3=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0, d1=0, d2=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter 3x3 matrix");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nInput matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(i=0;i<=2;i++) //row
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++) //col
{
if(i==0)
r1=r1+a[i][j];
if(i==1)
r2=r2+a[i][j];
if(i==2)
r3=r3+a[i][j];
if(j==0)
c1=c1+a[i][j];
if(j==1)
c2=c2+a[i][j];
if(j==2)
c3=c3+a[i][j];
if(i==j)
d1=d1+a[i][j];
if(i+j==2)
d2=d2+a[i][j];
}
}
printf("\nSum of 1st row = %d",r1);
printf("\nSum of 2nd row = %d",r2);
printf("\nSum of 3rd row = %d",r3);
printf("\nSum of 1st column = %d",c1);
printf("\nSum of 2nd column = %d",c2);
printf("\nSum of 3rd column = %d",c3);
printf("\nSum of 1st diagonal = %d",d1);
printf("\nSum of 2nd diagonal = %d",d2);
getch();
}
void main()
{
int a[3][3], i, j, upper=0, lower=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter 3x3 matrix");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nInput matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(i=0;i<=2;i++) //row
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++) //col
{
if(i<=j)
upper = upper +a[i][j];
if(i>=j)
lower = lower+a[i][j];
}
}
printf("\nSum of Upper triangular matrix = %d",upper);
printf("\nSum of Lower triangular matrix = %d",lower);
getch();
}
void main()
{
int a[3][3], b[3][3], i, j, isSymmetric=1;
printf("Enter 3*3 matrix :");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
clrscr();
printf("A matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
b[i][j] = a[j][i];
}
}
printf("Transpose of a matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(i=0; i<=2; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<=2; j++)
{
if(a[i][j] != b[i][j])
{
isSymmetric = 0;
break;
}
}
}
if(isSymmetric)
{
printf("\nInput Matrix is Symmetric.");
}
else
{
printf("\nInput Matrix is NOT Symmetric.");
}
getch();
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, a[3][3], b[3][3];
clrscr();
printf("Enter 1st 3x3 matrix");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter 2nd 3x3 matrix");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Your 1st 3x3 matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("\t%d",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Your 2nd 3x3 matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("\t%d",b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
void main()
{
int a[3][3], b[3][3], i, j, isSymmetric=1;
printf("Enter 3*3 matrix :");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
clrscr();
printf("A matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("B matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=2;j++)
{
printf("%d ",b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(i=0; i<=2; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<=2; j++)
{
if(a[i][j] != b[i][j])
{
isSymmetric = 0;
break;
}
}
}
if(isSymmetric)
{
printf("\nBoth matrix are equal.");
}
else
{
printf("\nMatrix are not equal.");
}
getch();
}